Clinical Case Database / Category: Case Based Discussion

Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis.

Publication details

Hazel E Warburton MD, FRCS (Urol), Neil Rothwell MD, FRCS (Urol)
Foundation Years Journal, volume 5, issue 3, p.12 (123Doc Education, London, April 2011)

Abstract

This discussion is based on the diagnostic pathway of a 55 years old man with a family history of prostate cancer. As well as explaining the assessment and process of investigation it also addresses the controversies of screening patients for prostate cancer.

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Authors

Hazel E Warburton MD, FRCS (Urol)

Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Whinney Heys Road
Blackpool
FY3 8NR

Neil Rothwell MD, FRCS (Urol)

Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Whinney Heys Road
Blackpool
FY3 8NR

References

1. Data source: Office of National Statistics MB1 series and Welsh Cancer Intelligence unit and Surveillance (WCISU).
2. Data source: Office of National Statistics.
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Engl J Med 2009 Mar 26; 360(13):1320–8.
4. Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RL 3rd, Buys SS, Chia D, Church TR, Fouad MN, Gelmann EP, Kvale PA, Reding DJ, Weissfeld JL, Yokochi LA, O’Brien B, Clapp JD, Rathmell JM, Riley TL, Hayes RB, Kramer BS, Izmirlian G, Miller AB, Pinsky PF, Prorok PC, Gohagan JK, Berg CD and PLCO Project Team. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med 2009 Mar 26; 360(13):1310–9.
5. NICE guidelines; Prostate cancer: diagnosis and treatment. Feburary 2008.
6. Bratt O. Hereditary prostate cancer: clinical aspects. J Urol 2002 Sep;168(3):906–13.
7. Carvalhal GF, Smith DS, Mager DE, Ramos C and Catalona WJ. Digital rectal examination for detecting prostate cancer at prostate specific antigen levels of 4ng/ml or less. J Urol 1999 Mar;161:835–9.
8. Oesterling JE, Jacobsen SJ, Chute CG, Guess HA, Girman CJ, Panser LA and Lieber MM. Serum prostate specific antigen in a community-based population of healthy men. Establishment of age-specific reference ranges. JAMA 1993;270(7):860–864.
9. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Miller GJ, Ford LG, Lieber MM, Cespedes RD, Atkins JN, Lippman SM, Carlin SM, Ryan A, Szczepanek CM, Crowley JJ and Coltman CA Jr. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 17; 349(3):215–24.
10. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, FordLG, Lippman SM, Crawford ED, Crowley JJ and Coltman CA Jr. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004 May 27;350(22):2239–46.
11. Heidenreich A, Bolla M, Joniau S, Mason MD, Matveev V, Mottet N, Schmid, van der Kwast TH, Wiegel T and Zattoni F. Guidelines on Prostate cancer June 2010.
12. CancerStats, Cancer research UK. http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/ cancerstats/types/prostate. Assessed October 2010.
13. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M, Haggman M, Andersson SO, Bratell S, Spangberg A, Busch C, Nordling S, Garmo H, Palmgren J, Adami HO Norlen B J, Johansson JE, and Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group & 4 (2005). Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 352: 1977–1984.

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T​he Foundation Years Clinical Cases Database is​ a selection of 600 peer-reviewed clinical cases in the field of patient safety and clinical practice, specifically focused on the clinical information needs of junior doctors, based around the Foundation Year Curriculum programme (MMC). The cases have been chosen to align with the Foundation Year Curriculum.

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